Ðây là chương trình Anh Ngữ Sinh Ðộng New Dynamic English bài 64. Phạm Văn xin kính chào quí vị thính giả. Bài học hôm nay tiếp tục về buổi nói chuyện giữa ông Epstein và bà xếp của ông là Shirley Graham về dự án mua người máy tự động. Bà Graham lo không biết hãng International Robotics có kịp giao hàng và ráp máy đúng hẹn và có các dịch vụ sau khi giao hàng như bảo trì, hay huấn luyện cách dùng hay không. Nhớ lại October deadline, aftersales service. Chúng ta cũng học cách góp ý kiến một cách tế nhị.
Mở đầu bài học, quí vị thực tập khả năng nghe hiểu bằng cách nghe một câu hỏi trước, rồi nghe một mẩu đàm thoại, rồi nghe lại câu hỏi, và quí-vị trả lời khi nghe tiếng chuông, và cuối cùng xem mình có trả lời đúng hay không.
AN ISSUE=vấn đề cần bàn thảo hay quyết định. Thí dụ: The October deadline and the aftersales service are two issues that Ms. Graham wanted Mr. Epstein to work out with Mr. Blake.=Phải giao hàng trước hạn chót tháng mười và phải có dịch vụ sau khi giao hàng là hai vấn đề bà/cô Graham muốn ông Esptein tìm cách giải quyết với ông Blake. CUT 1
Language Focus: Questions Based on Dialog
Larry: Questions. Listen to the question.
Eliz: Has Mr. Epstein already met with Mr. Blake? (short pause)
Larry: Now listen to the dialog.
Graham: Now, have you already discussed any of the project with him?
Epstein: Yes, I had an excellent meeting with him this afternoon.
Eliz: Has Mr. Epstein already met with Mr. Blake? (ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: Yes. They met earlier that afternoon. (short pause) Larry: Listen to the question.
Eliz: Did Mr. Epstein discuss the October deadline and aftersales service with Mr. Blake?(short pause)
Larry: Now listen to the dialog.
Graham: And did you tell him about my main concerns?
Epstein: Do you mean the October deadline?
Graham: Yes, and the fact that they have no aftersales service in the States.
Epstein: Yes, I did, and again I was very impressed with his flexibility.
Eliz: Did Mr. Epstein discuss the October deadline and aftersales service with Mr. Blake?
(ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: Yes, he did. He discussed these issues with Mr. Blake. (short pause)
MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Trong phần mách giúp văn hoá, quí vị học nghe tả cơ cấu tổ chức của một công ty ở Hoa Kỳ. Structure=cơ cấu.
Organizational structure=cơ cấu, hệ thống tổ chức.
Manager=quản đốc, trưởng phòng.
a department=một sở trong một công ty, như Personnel Department=sở nhân viên.
To be laid off=bị cho nghỉ việc.
To lay off=sa thải.
A layoff=một vụ sa thải.
It’s clear who does what=rõ là ai chịu trách nhiệm về việc nào.
Promote=thăng chức.
A worker can be promoted to a better job within the company=một nhân viên có thể được thăng lên chức tốt hơn trong một công ty.
People can change jobs, but the company structure does not change=nhân viên có thể thay đổi công việc, nhưng cơ cấu tổ chức của công ty không thay đổi.
Flexible structure=cơ cấu mềm dẻo.
High-tech world=thế giới điện tử. High-tech viết tắt ở chữ high technology=kỹ thuật máy móc cao cấp, như kỹ thuật điện tử.
Team=nhóm.
Temporary=tạm thời.
That makes sense=điều đó hữu lý. CUT 2 Culture Tips: Corporate Structure
Larry: Culture Tips Eliz: Welcome once again to “Culture Tips”.
We’re here with our business language expert Gary Engleton.
Gary, we have an e-mail question about the structure of American companies.
The question is “How are American companies organized?”
Gary: Well, most traditional American companies have a clear organizational structure. It’s clear who does what. People can change jobs, but the company structure does not change. For example, a salesperson can become a sales manager.
Eliz: Or the manager of a department can become a vice president...
Gary: Yes, that’s right.
A worker can be promoted to a better job within the organization. The organization doesn’t change.
Eliz: I see. Gary: Newer companies sometimes have a more flexible structure, especially in the high-tech world. These companies may be organized into project teams. These teams may be temporary.
Eliz: Temporary?
Gary: Yes, they may work together only for a short time. Then the workers may be moved to other teams for different projects.
Eliz: And what if there is no new project?
Gary: In many companies, these workers may be laid off. The president or vice-presidents may not change, but the managers and workers will change jobs much more than in the past.
Eliz: Why does a company adopt a flexible structure?
Gary: The world of business is changing very quickly. A flexible structure helps a company move quickly.
Eliz: That makes sense. Thank you again, Gary, for your interesting information.
Gary: I’m always glad to help. MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Trong phần tới, quí vị nghe một câu rồi dựa vào ý nghĩa phần đã học mà trả lời đúng hay sai True or False. CUT 3 Language Focus: True/False
Larry: True or False.
Larry: Listen. Is this statement true or false?
Eliz: Newer companies may have a flexible structure.
(ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: True. Newer companies, especially high-tech companies, often have a more flexible structure than traditional companies.
Eliz: When a project ends, there will always be a new project for the workers. (ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: False. When a project ends, some workers may be laid off.
Eliz: In newer companies, workers often move from one team to another. (ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: True. This is part of the flexible structure. MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Trong phần tới, quí vị nghe cách đưa ra ý kiến một cách tế nhị, đó là những câu như:
I really think that...tôi thực sự nghĩ rằng...
I really think that we need to spend more money on research.=tôi thực sự nghĩ rằng chúng ta cần chi tiêu nhiều tiền hơn vào việc nghiên cứu.
We need more computer technology to keep up with competition...chúng ta cần nhiều kỹ thuật điện tử hơn để bắt kịp mức cạnh tranh.
That’s a good point... đó là một ý hay...
We have to focus on keeping costs down=chúng ta phải chú trọng vào việc giảm chi phí.
Next year’s budget=ngân sách cho năm tới.
high-end market=thị trường mà sản phẩm đắt tiền, tinh xảo, và phẩm chất rất tốt.
High-end=tĩnh từ kép, expensive, sophisticated and of high quality. [Lexus is one of Toyota’s high-end products.=hiệu xe hơi Lexus là một sản phẩm đắt tiền và rất tốt của hãng Toyota.]
Keep up with=theo kịp.
Director of Marketing=giám đốc thị trường (lo về bán sản phẩm của hãng chế ra)
In my opinion...theo ý tôi...
Hãy nghe bà Chủ tịch và ông Phó Chủ tịch công ty chế tạo xe hơi United Motor Corporation thảo luận về ngân sách cho năm sau. Hãy để ý đến những câu bầy tỏ ý kiến như:
It seems to me that...theo tôi thì...
I really think that... tôi thực sự nghĩ rằng...
In my opinion...Theo ý riêng của tôi
I think... Tôi nghĩ rằng...
That’s a great idea...That’s a good point...Thật là một ý hay... CUT 4 Business Dialog: Offering an Opinion
Larry: Business Dialog: Offering an Opinion
Eliz: Let’s listen to today’s Business Dialog. The President and Vice-President of United Motor Corporation are discussing next year’s budget.
President (woman) I really think that we need to spend more money on research. We need more computer technology to keep up with the competition.
Vice President (man) That’s a good point, but in my opinion, we have to focus on keeping costs down. It seems to me that computer technology greatly increases the price of a car.
President: But I think that we need to move into the high-end market. And that means selling more cars to rich people in the U.S. and overseas.
Vice President: Perhaps we should talk to our Director of Marketing.
President: I think that’s a wonderful idea! MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Trong phần kế, quí vị chú trọng về những câu diễn tả ý kiến. CUT 5 Language Focus: Focus on Functions: Offering an Opinion
Larry: Focus on Functions: Offering an Opinion.
Eliz: Now let’s focus on Offering an Opinion. Here are some useful expressions to offer an opinion.
Larry: Listen and repeat.
Eliz: I think...(pause for repeat)
Eliz: I think that’s a wonderful idea! (pause for repeat)
Eliz: I really think that... (pause for repeat)
Eliz: I really think that we need to spend more money on research. (pause for repeat)
Eliz: In my opinion... (pause for repeat)
Eliz: In my opinion, we have to focus on keeping costs down. (pause for repeat)
Eliz: It seems to me that... (pause for repeat)
Eliz: It seems to me that computer technology greatly increases the price of a car. (pause for repeat) MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Sau đây, quí vị nghe cách đưa ra ý kiến.
Offer an opinion=đưa ra ý kiến.
State a fact=nói một sự kiện có thật.
It seems to me...hình như là đối với tôi thì.. theo tôi thì....
Soften the difference of opinion=làm nhẹ đi ý kiến khác nhau.
Soft (adj.) mềm; to soften=làm dịu đi. Ðể ý đến cách đọc chữ soften-không đọc âm t.
Keep the conversation going...giữ cho cuộc nói chuyện tiếp diễn.
When personal opinions are presented as opinions (and not as facts), people are more comfortable offering opinions=khi ý kiến cá nhân được trình bầy như ý riêng (và không phải là sự kiện có thật), thì người ta cảm thấy thoải mái hơn khi đưa ra ý kiến.
This free discussion can also lead to new ideas=cuộc thảo luận tự do này có thể đưa đến nhiều ý tưởng mới.
American culture values the free expression of ideas=văn hoá Hoa Kỳ coi trọng sự tự do diễn tả ý tưởng. (This is an example of a fact-đây là một thí dụ về sự kiện)
It seems to me that American culture values the free expression of ideas=(This is an example of an opinion-đây là một thí dụ về ý kiến.) CUT 6 Gary’s Tips: Giving an Opinion. I think... In my opinion... It seems to me... Larry: Gary’s Tips
Eliz: Now it’s time for Gary’s Tips with Gary Engleton!
Gary: Hello, Elizabeth. Today I’ll be talking about how to offer an opinion. When you give an opinion, it is a good idea to use an expression like “I think” or “in my opinion.” In this way, you show that you know you are offering an opinion, not stating a fact. In the Business Dialog we heard earlier, the company president and vice president have different ideas about the importance of new technology.
The President thinks that more money should be spent on research, but the Vice President thinks it is more important to keep costs down.
They use the expressions “I really think” and “in my opinion” when they give their opinions.
President: I really think that we need to spend more money on research. We need more computer technology to keep up with the competition.
Vice President: That’s a good point, but in my opinion, we have to focus on keeping costs down.
Gary: Both executives try to soften the difference of opinion and keep the conversation going. The Vice President also uses the expression “It seems to me...” to offer his opinion:
Vice President: It seems to me that computer technology greatly increases the price of a car.
Gary: Using the expression “It seems to me” is a good way to offer an opinion. American culture values the free expression of ideas.
When personal opinions are presented as opinions (and not as facts), people are more comfortable offering different opinions. This free discussion can also lead to new ideas, which are good for business.
Thanks for joining us today for Gary’s Tips. We’ll see you again next time.
Eliz: Thanks, Gary. MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation
Mở đầu bài học, quí vị thực tập khả năng nghe hiểu bằng cách nghe một câu hỏi trước, rồi nghe một mẩu đàm thoại, rồi nghe lại câu hỏi, và quí-vị trả lời khi nghe tiếng chuông, và cuối cùng xem mình có trả lời đúng hay không.
AN ISSUE=vấn đề cần bàn thảo hay quyết định. Thí dụ: The October deadline and the aftersales service are two issues that Ms. Graham wanted Mr. Epstein to work out with Mr. Blake.=Phải giao hàng trước hạn chót tháng mười và phải có dịch vụ sau khi giao hàng là hai vấn đề bà/cô Graham muốn ông Esptein tìm cách giải quyết với ông Blake. CUT 1
Language Focus: Questions Based on Dialog
Larry: Questions. Listen to the question.
Eliz: Has Mr. Epstein already met with Mr. Blake? (short pause)
Larry: Now listen to the dialog.
Graham: Now, have you already discussed any of the project with him?
Epstein: Yes, I had an excellent meeting with him this afternoon.
Eliz: Has Mr. Epstein already met with Mr. Blake? (ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: Yes. They met earlier that afternoon. (short pause) Larry: Listen to the question.
Eliz: Did Mr. Epstein discuss the October deadline and aftersales service with Mr. Blake?(short pause)
Larry: Now listen to the dialog.
Graham: And did you tell him about my main concerns?
Epstein: Do you mean the October deadline?
Graham: Yes, and the fact that they have no aftersales service in the States.
Epstein: Yes, I did, and again I was very impressed with his flexibility.
Eliz: Did Mr. Epstein discuss the October deadline and aftersales service with Mr. Blake?
(ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: Yes, he did. He discussed these issues with Mr. Blake. (short pause)
MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Trong phần mách giúp văn hoá, quí vị học nghe tả cơ cấu tổ chức của một công ty ở Hoa Kỳ. Structure=cơ cấu.
Organizational structure=cơ cấu, hệ thống tổ chức.
Manager=quản đốc, trưởng phòng.
a department=một sở trong một công ty, như Personnel Department=sở nhân viên.
To be laid off=bị cho nghỉ việc.
To lay off=sa thải.
A layoff=một vụ sa thải.
It’s clear who does what=rõ là ai chịu trách nhiệm về việc nào.
Promote=thăng chức.
A worker can be promoted to a better job within the company=một nhân viên có thể được thăng lên chức tốt hơn trong một công ty.
People can change jobs, but the company structure does not change=nhân viên có thể thay đổi công việc, nhưng cơ cấu tổ chức của công ty không thay đổi.
Flexible structure=cơ cấu mềm dẻo.
High-tech world=thế giới điện tử. High-tech viết tắt ở chữ high technology=kỹ thuật máy móc cao cấp, như kỹ thuật điện tử.
Team=nhóm.
Temporary=tạm thời.
That makes sense=điều đó hữu lý. CUT 2 Culture Tips: Corporate Structure
Larry: Culture Tips Eliz: Welcome once again to “Culture Tips”.
We’re here with our business language expert Gary Engleton.
Gary, we have an e-mail question about the structure of American companies.
The question is “How are American companies organized?”
Gary: Well, most traditional American companies have a clear organizational structure. It’s clear who does what. People can change jobs, but the company structure does not change. For example, a salesperson can become a sales manager.
Eliz: Or the manager of a department can become a vice president...
Gary: Yes, that’s right.
A worker can be promoted to a better job within the organization. The organization doesn’t change.
Eliz: I see. Gary: Newer companies sometimes have a more flexible structure, especially in the high-tech world. These companies may be organized into project teams. These teams may be temporary.
Eliz: Temporary?
Gary: Yes, they may work together only for a short time. Then the workers may be moved to other teams for different projects.
Eliz: And what if there is no new project?
Gary: In many companies, these workers may be laid off. The president or vice-presidents may not change, but the managers and workers will change jobs much more than in the past.
Eliz: Why does a company adopt a flexible structure?
Gary: The world of business is changing very quickly. A flexible structure helps a company move quickly.
Eliz: That makes sense. Thank you again, Gary, for your interesting information.
Gary: I’m always glad to help. MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Trong phần tới, quí vị nghe một câu rồi dựa vào ý nghĩa phần đã học mà trả lời đúng hay sai True or False. CUT 3 Language Focus: True/False
Larry: True or False.
Larry: Listen. Is this statement true or false?
Eliz: Newer companies may have a flexible structure.
(ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: True. Newer companies, especially high-tech companies, often have a more flexible structure than traditional companies.
Eliz: When a project ends, there will always be a new project for the workers. (ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: False. When a project ends, some workers may be laid off.
Eliz: In newer companies, workers often move from one team to another. (ding)(pause for answer)
Eliz: True. This is part of the flexible structure. MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Trong phần tới, quí vị nghe cách đưa ra ý kiến một cách tế nhị, đó là những câu như:
I really think that...tôi thực sự nghĩ rằng...
I really think that we need to spend more money on research.=tôi thực sự nghĩ rằng chúng ta cần chi tiêu nhiều tiền hơn vào việc nghiên cứu.
We need more computer technology to keep up with competition...chúng ta cần nhiều kỹ thuật điện tử hơn để bắt kịp mức cạnh tranh.
That’s a good point... đó là một ý hay...
We have to focus on keeping costs down=chúng ta phải chú trọng vào việc giảm chi phí.
Next year’s budget=ngân sách cho năm tới.
high-end market=thị trường mà sản phẩm đắt tiền, tinh xảo, và phẩm chất rất tốt.
High-end=tĩnh từ kép, expensive, sophisticated and of high quality. [Lexus is one of Toyota’s high-end products.=hiệu xe hơi Lexus là một sản phẩm đắt tiền và rất tốt của hãng Toyota.]
Keep up with=theo kịp.
Director of Marketing=giám đốc thị trường (lo về bán sản phẩm của hãng chế ra)
In my opinion...theo ý tôi...
Hãy nghe bà Chủ tịch và ông Phó Chủ tịch công ty chế tạo xe hơi United Motor Corporation thảo luận về ngân sách cho năm sau. Hãy để ý đến những câu bầy tỏ ý kiến như:
It seems to me that...theo tôi thì...
I really think that... tôi thực sự nghĩ rằng...
In my opinion...Theo ý riêng của tôi
I think... Tôi nghĩ rằng...
That’s a great idea...That’s a good point...Thật là một ý hay... CUT 4 Business Dialog: Offering an Opinion
Larry: Business Dialog: Offering an Opinion
Eliz: Let’s listen to today’s Business Dialog. The President and Vice-President of United Motor Corporation are discussing next year’s budget.
President (woman) I really think that we need to spend more money on research. We need more computer technology to keep up with the competition.
Vice President (man) That’s a good point, but in my opinion, we have to focus on keeping costs down. It seems to me that computer technology greatly increases the price of a car.
President: But I think that we need to move into the high-end market. And that means selling more cars to rich people in the U.S. and overseas.
Vice President: Perhaps we should talk to our Director of Marketing.
President: I think that’s a wonderful idea! MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Trong phần kế, quí vị chú trọng về những câu diễn tả ý kiến. CUT 5 Language Focus: Focus on Functions: Offering an Opinion
Larry: Focus on Functions: Offering an Opinion.
Eliz: Now let’s focus on Offering an Opinion. Here are some useful expressions to offer an opinion.
Larry: Listen and repeat.
Eliz: I think...(pause for repeat)
Eliz: I think that’s a wonderful idea! (pause for repeat)
Eliz: I really think that... (pause for repeat)
Eliz: I really think that we need to spend more money on research. (pause for repeat)
Eliz: In my opinion... (pause for repeat)
Eliz: In my opinion, we have to focus on keeping costs down. (pause for repeat)
Eliz: It seems to me that... (pause for repeat)
Eliz: It seems to me that computer technology greatly increases the price of a car. (pause for repeat) MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation Sau đây, quí vị nghe cách đưa ra ý kiến.
Offer an opinion=đưa ra ý kiến.
State a fact=nói một sự kiện có thật.
It seems to me...hình như là đối với tôi thì.. theo tôi thì....
Soften the difference of opinion=làm nhẹ đi ý kiến khác nhau.
Soft (adj.) mềm; to soften=làm dịu đi. Ðể ý đến cách đọc chữ soften-không đọc âm t.
Keep the conversation going...giữ cho cuộc nói chuyện tiếp diễn.
When personal opinions are presented as opinions (and not as facts), people are more comfortable offering opinions=khi ý kiến cá nhân được trình bầy như ý riêng (và không phải là sự kiện có thật), thì người ta cảm thấy thoải mái hơn khi đưa ra ý kiến.
This free discussion can also lead to new ideas=cuộc thảo luận tự do này có thể đưa đến nhiều ý tưởng mới.
American culture values the free expression of ideas=văn hoá Hoa Kỳ coi trọng sự tự do diễn tả ý tưởng. (This is an example of a fact-đây là một thí dụ về sự kiện)
It seems to me that American culture values the free expression of ideas=(This is an example of an opinion-đây là một thí dụ về ý kiến.) CUT 6 Gary’s Tips: Giving an Opinion. I think... In my opinion... It seems to me... Larry: Gary’s Tips
Eliz: Now it’s time for Gary’s Tips with Gary Engleton!
Gary: Hello, Elizabeth. Today I’ll be talking about how to offer an opinion. When you give an opinion, it is a good idea to use an expression like “I think” or “in my opinion.” In this way, you show that you know you are offering an opinion, not stating a fact. In the Business Dialog we heard earlier, the company president and vice president have different ideas about the importance of new technology.
The President thinks that more money should be spent on research, but the Vice President thinks it is more important to keep costs down.
They use the expressions “I really think” and “in my opinion” when they give their opinions.
President: I really think that we need to spend more money on research. We need more computer technology to keep up with the competition.
Vice President: That’s a good point, but in my opinion, we have to focus on keeping costs down.
Gary: Both executives try to soften the difference of opinion and keep the conversation going. The Vice President also uses the expression “It seems to me...” to offer his opinion:
Vice President: It seems to me that computer technology greatly increases the price of a car.
Gary: Using the expression “It seems to me” is a good way to offer an opinion. American culture values the free expression of ideas.
When personal opinions are presented as opinions (and not as facts), people are more comfortable offering different opinions. This free discussion can also lead to new ideas, which are good for business.
Thanks for joining us today for Gary’s Tips. We’ll see you again next time.
Eliz: Thanks, Gary. MUSIC Vietnamese Explanation
Quí vị vừa học xong bài 64 trong Chương Trình Anh Ngữ Sinh Ðộng New Dynamic English. Phạm Văn xin kính chào quí vị thính giả và xin hẹn gặp lại trong bài học kế tiếp.